1018 Steel
This is the least expensive and most common material. Bars are generally cold drawn which increases
bar strength and hardness, but leaves a dull, imperfect surface finish. Bars are not always perfectly round
and may have sanding or file marks to make them fit in a bearing. Keystone may substitute a higher grade
material without notice.
Bars are generally available in either 12 foot or 20 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.002" typical (+0, -.004" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong. In 2", % |
Hardness BHN |
| Cold Drawn |
82,000 |
70,000 |
20 |
163 |
| Hot Rolled, TGP |
69,000 |
48,000 |
38 |
143 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cu |
N |
| |
0.15 to 0.20 |
0.60 to 0.90 |
0.040 max |
0.05 max |
0.10 max
0.15 to 0.30
for sizes 3"+ |
|
1045 TGP Steel
These bars have a higher carbon content which makes them stronger than 1018 Steel. Because they are
turned, ground, and polished, the bars have a better surface finish (32 RMS), a tighter diameter, and better
roundness compared with the cold drawn bars. Smaller diameters are generally cold drawn and then
ground and polished. Larger diameters are hot rolled, then turned, ground, and polished. Bars 1-1/4" and
under are straightened after keying. Larger diameters generally do not bow much, but straightness cannot
be guaranteed without an additional charge.
Bars are generally stocked in 24 foot lengths, (12 foot for keyed bars).
Some diameters are stocked in 20 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong. In 2", % |
Hardness BHN |
| Drawn, Ground and Polished |
102,000 |
89,000 |
18 |
217 |
| HR, Turned, Ground, and Polished |
95,000 |
60,000 |
23 |
197 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cu |
N |
| |
0.43 to 0.50 |
0.60 to 0.90 |
0.040 max |
0.05 max |
0.15 to 0.30 |
|
1144 Stressproof® (A311 Class B)
This material is stronger than 1045 steel because of the high carbon content and a heavy draft cold drawing
process. The addition of sulfur makes these bars more easily machined, and stress relieving makes
them generally straighter after the keyway is cut. Stressproof® is a trademark of Niagara LaSalle Steel and
only bars made by them can be considered Stressproof®. Bars may be A311 Class B, an alternative specification
governed by ASTM. Keystone stocks some diameters in a turned, ground, and polished finish.
Keystone only carries a limited inventory of this material.
Bars are generally stocked in 20 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: +0, -.002" typical
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong. In 2", % |
Hardness BHN |
| Cold Drawn |
125,000 |
110,000 |
13.5 |
262 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cu |
N |
| |
0.40 to 0.48 |
1.35 to 1.65 |
0.040 max |
0.24 to 0.33 |
.015 to 0.25 |
0.15 to 0.30 |
0.006 to 0.009 |
4140 QT TGP Alloy Steel
This is the strongest material offered by Keystone Manufacturing, Inc. It is heated then quenched and
tempered to a hardness of 26-34 Rc. then ground and polished to size. Keystone will sometimes substitute
4142 or other alloy as long as the mechanical characteristics meet those of 4140. Keystone only carries a
limited inventory of this material.
Bars are generally stocked in 24 foot lengths (12 foot for keyed bars).
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong. In 2", % |
Hardness BHN |
| |
140,000 |
125,000 |
20 |
265-307 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cu |
N |
| |
0.38 - 0.43 |
0.75 - 1.00 |
.035 max |
.04 max |
.15 - .3 |
.8 - 1.1 |
.15 - .25 |
T-303 TGP Stainless Steel
This is the most popular grade of stainless. It offers good corrosion resistance and is suitable for all food
applications. All bars are ground and polished for tight diameter tolerances and roundness. Smaller diameters
are cold drawn then ground and polished. Larger diameters are hot rolled then turned, ground, and
polished. See below for a comparison of the corrosion resistance of various stainless steels.
Bars are generally stocked in 12 foot lengths.
Some diameters in 24 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong.
In 2", % |
% Reduction
in Area |
Hardness
BHN |
| |
90,000 |
45,000 |
30 |
40 |
170 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
P |
S |
| |
0.15 max |
2.00 max |
1.0 max |
17. - 19. |
8 - 10 |
0.2 max |
.15 min |
T-304 TGP Stainless Steel
This is very similar to T-303 SS but offers slightly higher corrosion resistance. It is also harder to machine
and to cut. Keystone only carries the most popular diameters of this material. See below for a comparison
of the corrosion resistance of various stainless steels.
Bars are generally stocked in 12 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong.
In 2", % |
% Reduction
in Area |
Hardness
BHN |
| |
85,000 |
35,000 |
40 |
50 |
150 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
| |
.08 max |
2.0 max |
0.045 max |
0.003 max |
1.0 max |
17.5 - 20. |
8-12 |
T-316 TGP Stainless Steel
A much higher nickel content makes this grade much more corrosion resistant and expensive compared
with other grades. All bars are ground and polished for tight diameter tolerance and roundness. Keystone
only carries the most popular diameters of this material. See below for a comparison of the corrosion resistance
of various stainless steels.
Bars are generally stocked in 12 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong.
In 2", % |
% Reduction
in Area |
Hardness
BHN |
| |
80,000 |
30,000 |
45 |
55 |
140 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
P |
S |
N |
| |
0.03-0.08 |
2.0 max |
1.0 max |
16.0-18.0 |
10.0-14.0 |
2.0-3.0 |
.045 max |
.03 max |
.1 max |
High Strength Stainless Steel (17-4 PH, H1150)
This grade offers high strength and hardness along with decent corrosion resistance, only slightly lower
than that of T-303 SS. All bars are ground and polished for tight diameter tolerance and roundness. Keystone
only carries the most popular diameters of this material. See below for a comparison of the corrosion
resistance of various stainless steels.
Bars are generally stocked in 12 foot lengths.
Dia. Tolerance: -.0005, -.0015" typical (+0, -.003" allowed)
| Typical Mechanical Properties |
Tensile psi |
Yield psi |
Elong. In 2", % |
Hardness BHN |
| |
145,000 |
125,000 |
10 |
300 |
Chemical
Properties % |
C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Cr |
Ni |
Nb+Ta |
Cu |
| |
0.07 max |
1.0 max |
.04 max |
.03 max |
1.0 max |
15-17.5 |
3.0-5. |
.15-.45 |
3.-5. |
Comparative Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels
| CHEMICAL |
T-303 SS |
T-304 SS |
T-316 SS |
17-4 PH |
| Humidity |
Excellent |
Excellent |
Excellent |
Excellent |
| Salt Spray (NaCl) |
Moderate |
Good |
Good |
Good |
| Nitric Acid |
Good |
Good |
Good |
Good |
| Sulphuric Acid |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Restricted |
| Phosphoric Acid |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Restricted |
| Acetic Acid |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Good |
Moderate |
| Sodium Hydroxide |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Moderate |
| Sour Oil/Gax |
|
Good |
Moderate |
Good |
| Sea Water |
Restricted |
Restricted |
Moderate |
Restricted |
